Figure 7

Cumulative number of volcanic fatalities. Shown using all 533 fatal volcanic incidents (red line), with the largest five disasters removed (blue line), and with the largest ten disasters removed (purple line). The largest five disasters are: Unzen, Japan, in 1792 (14,524 fatalities); Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815 (60,000 fatalities); Krakatau, Indonesia, in 1883 (36,417 fatalities); Pelée, Martinique, in 1902 (28,800 fatalities); Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, in 1985 (23,187 fatalities). The sixth to tenth largest disasters are: Tungurahua, Ecuador, in 1640 (5,000 fatalities); Grímsvötn, Iceland, in 1783 (9,350 fatalities); Kilauea, Hawaii, in 1790 (5,405 fatalities); Santa María, Guatemala, in 1902 (8,700 fatalities); Kelut, Indonesia, in 1919 (5,099 fatalities). Counts are calculated in five-year cohorts.