Figure 8
From: Continuous monitoring of Hawaiian volcanoes with thermal cameras
Gas pistoning in Kīlauea’s summit lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u Crater. a) Lava level on November 20, 2010, showing two episodes of gas pistoning, each lasting several hours long and involving the rise of the lava lake by about 15 m. b) Approximate velocity of the surface crust on the lava lake for the same period. Gas piston events are often associated with a reduction in surface velocity. The thermal images have not been corrected for atmospheric or volcanic gas effects, and actual surface temperatures may be higher than the apparent temperatures shown here.