Figure 8
From: Reducing risk from lahar hazards: concepts, case studies, and roles for scientists
Examples of large-scale lahar containment and exclusion structures. (a) The Sediment Retention Structure (SRS) downstream of Mount St. Helens, USA, built specifically to contain potential lahars and eroded sediment (USGS photo by Adam Mosbrucker, 11 Nov 2012); the volcano is visible on the horizon on the left side of the image. (b) Mud Mountain Dam with a large concrete overflow spillway on the White River downstream of Mount Rainier (USA), (Stein [2001]). It was built as a flood-control structure but it also may function as a trap for at least part of future lahars because little water is normally impounded behind the dam (photo courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). (c) Exclusion levees surrounding the Drift River oil terminal on an alluvial plain approximately 40 km downstream of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska (USGS photo by Chris Waythomas, 4 Apr 2009).