Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes

Table 3 Learning gains for question 1 on MMM survey

Classes	Pre % (mean)	Post % (mean)	Learning gains
2yc (GLG111) Hazards	51.28	78.85	0.49
2yc (GLG101a) Intro	50.85	71.79	0.38
2yc (GLG101b) Intro	53.30	81.87	0.59
4yc (GEOS101a) Intro	51.92	79.81	0.50
4yc (GEOS101b) Intro	46.78	79.59	0.59
Volcanology (2011 & 2013) GEOS436)	76.92	82.81	0.14
All introductory	49.54	78.55	0.53

Learning Gains is the (Post%-Pre%)/(100-Pre%) and ranges from a possible gain of −1 to +1 (Hake 1998). Class mean % for pre and post scores once normalized out of 12 points. Learning gains are class mean gains based on each participants Post % - Pre %/100- Pre % score. Lower Learning Gains for Volcanology students may be associated with a ceiling effect associated with higher pre-MMM survey scores, as discussed in the text.

ISSN: 2191-5040