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Fig. 6 | Journal of Applied Volcanology

Fig. 6

From: Influence of volcanic tephra on photovoltaic (PV)-modules: an experimental study with application to the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, Iceland

Fig. 6

Results show the near field (a) and the far field (b) application to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption. a Near field: The markers show the ash load of 1400 g/m2 mass per area (or 0.01 cm thickness) in 311 km distance. The electrical power equation reveals that the power would not be completely reduced (at 7–9 V), however as the current is reduced to zero, no electrical power could be produced. b Far field: The marker shows the load of 32 g/m2 mass per area over continental Europe between the 14th and 17th of April. For the linear voltage decrease, the effect is found to be not significant. The total loss is only 3.5 % for module 1 and 4.3 % for module 2. As the current decreases exponentially the loss is much more dramatic than for the voltage. The total power loss is about 32 % for module 1 and 27 % for module 2

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