Skip to main content

Table 1 Asia-Pacific region sources identified for the PVAHA

From: Probabilistic Volcanic Ash Hazard Analysis (PVAHA) II: assessment of the Asia-Pacific region using VAPAH

Sub-region

Country

Sources

A

Papua New Guinea

Bagana, Baluan, Bam, Bamus, Billy Mitchell, Dakataua, Garbuna Group, Karkar, Lamington, Langila, Lolobau, Long Island, Manam, Pago, Rabaul, Ritter Island, St. Andrew Strait, Ulawun, Victory, Waiowa

Vanuatu

Ambrym, Aoba, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, Traitor’s Head

Solomon Is.

Tinakula

B

Philippines

Ambalatungan Group, Babuyan Claro, Biliran, Bulusan, Cagua, Camiguin, Didicas, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Mayon, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo, Ragang, Taal

C

Japan

Adatara, Akagi, Akan, Akita-Komaga-take, Akita-Yake-yama, Aoga-shima, Asama, Aso, Azuma, Bandai, Chokai, E-san, Fuji, Hachijo-jima, Hakkoda Group, Hakone, Haku-san, Haruna, Hiuchi, Ibusuki Volcanic Field, Ioto [Iwo-jima], Iwaki, Iwate, Iwo-Tori-shima, Izu-Tobu, Kikai, Kirishima, Kita-Iwo-jima, Komaga-take, Kozu-shima, Kuchinoerabu-jima, Kuju, Kurikoma, Kusatsu-Shirane, Kuttara, Mashu, Miyake-jima, Myoko, Nakano-shima, Nasu, Niigata-Yake-yama, Nii-jima, Nikko-Shirane, Nipesotsu-Maruyama, Nishino-shima, Norikura, Numazawa, On-take, Oshima, Rausu, Sakura-jima, Sanbe, Shikotsu, Shiretoko-Iwo-zan, Sofugan, Sumiyoshi-ike, Suwanose-jima, Takahara, Tate-yama, Tokachi, Tori-shima, Towada, Tsurumi, Unzen, Usu, Yake-dake, Yokoate-jima, Zao

D

Indonesia

Agung, Arjuno-Welirang, Awu Banda Api, Batu Tara, Batur, Besar, Bur ni Telong, Cereme, Colo [Una Una], Dempo, Dieng Volcanic Complex, Dukono, Ebulobo, Egon, Galunggung, Gamalama, Gamkonora, Gede, Guntur, Ibu, Ijen, Iliboleng, Iliwerung, Inielika, Iya, Kaba, Karangetang [Api Siau], Kelimutu, Kelut, Kerinci, Krakatau, Lamongan, Lawu, Leroboleng, Lewotobi, Lewotolo, Lokon-Empung, Mahawu, Makian, Marapi, Merapi, Merbabu, Nila, Paluweh, Papandayan, Perbakti-Gagak, Peuet Sague, Ranakah, Raung, Rinjani, Ruang, Salak, Sangeang Api, Semeru, Serua, Seulawah Agam, Sinabung, Sirung, Slamet, Soputan, Sorikmarapi, Sumbing, Sundoro, Suoh, Talakmau, Talang, Tambora, Tandikat, Tangkubanparahu, Tengger Caldera, Teon, Tongkoko, Wurlali

E

New Zealand

Late, Macauley Island, Mayor Island, Okataina, Raoul Island, Ruapehu, Taranaki, Taupo, Tongariro, White Island

Samoa

Savai’i

Tonga

Fonualei, Niuafo’ou, Tofua

Fiji

Taveuni

F

Russia (Kamchatka and the Kuriles)

Akademia Nauk, Alaid, Alney-Chashakondzha, Atsonupuri, Avachinsky, Bakening, Baransky, Berutarube, Bezymianny, Bliznetsy, Bolshoi-Kekuknaysky, Chikurachki, Chirinkotan, Chirip, Chirpoi, Ebeko, Ekarma, Elovsky, Fuss Peak, Golovnin, Gorely, Goriaschaia Sopka, Gorny Institute, Grozny Group, Ichinsky, Ilyinsky, Karymsky, Ketoi, Khangar, Kharimkotan, Khodutka, Kikhpinych, Kinenin, Kizimen, Kliuchevskoi, Kolokol Group, Komarov, Koryaksky, Koshelev, Kostakan, Krasheninnikov, Kronotsky, Ksudach, Kunlun Volcanic Group, Kurile Lake, Lvinaya Past, Maly Semiachik, Medvezhia, Mendeleev, Mutnovsky, Nemo Peak, Opala, Prevo Peak, Raikoke, Rasshua, Sarychev Peak, Shiveluch, Sinarka, Tao-Rusyr Caldera, Tiatia, Tolbachik, Tolmachev Dol, Ushishur, Ushkovsky, Veer, Vilyuchik, Vysoky, Zavaritsky, Zavaritzki Caldera, Zheltovsky, Zhupanovsky

China

Changbaishan

Korea

Ulreung

Taiwan

Kueishantao

  1. Sources highlighted in bold were assigned proxy values for annual rate of occurrence