Table 11 Comparison of PCC-VC ashfall impacts to infrastructure with existing damage state scales
Infrastructure | Town | Ash thick-ness (mm) | Damage State from thickness (Wilson et al. 2014a) | Damage state description | Damage state based on obser-vations | Justification of assigned damage state | Damage state from thickness (Jenkins et al. 2014) | Damage state description | Damage state based on obser-vations | Justification of assigned damage state |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electricity | Villa la Angostura | 150–170 | 3 | Damage: structural damage to transmission equipment; Distruption: widespread disruption to supply with some permanent issues | 2 | No reported issues with structural damage, no permanent disruption | 5 | Damage: structural damage; Function: permanent disruption | 3–4 | No reported issues with structural damage, no permanent disruption |
Bariloche | 30–45 | 2 | Damage: damage to exposed moving parts, possible line breakages; Disruption: flashover, cleaning and repair | 1 | No damage reported to lines or parts | 3–4 | Damage: some damage to components; Function: disruption requiring repair | 3–4 | ~ | |
Jacobacci | 50 | 2 | 2 | ~ | 3–4 | 3–4 | ~ | |||
Water Supply | Villa la Angostura | 150–170 | 3 | Damage: infilling of open reservoirs and tanks, collapse of reservoir roofs; Disruption: severe contamination of water supply and exhaustion of supply due to demand | 2 | No roof collapse reported, water demand raised but not exhaused | Not included in damage states due to issues with relating impacts to a single hazard intensity measure (in this case ash thickness (mm) | |||
Bariloche | 30–45 | 2 | Damage: damage to pumping equipment, infilling of tanks; Disruption: contamination of water, increased treatment needed | 2 | ~ | |||||
Jacobacci | 50 | 2 | 0 | No damage due to pumps being in pumphouses | ||||||
Waste water | Villa la Angostura | 150–170 | 3 | NA | NA | NA | Not included in damage states due to issues with relating impacts to a single hazard intensity measure (in this case ash thickness (mm) | |||
Bariloche | 30–45 | 2 | Damage: sedimentation causing some blockages and damage, possible infilling of tanks; Disruption: temporary disruption to clean network, possible release of untreated sewage | 2 | ~ | |||||
Jacobacci | 50 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Roading | Villa la Angostura | 150–170 | 3 | Damage: complete burial, structural damage to bridges; Disruption: roads impassable, widespread closures | 2 | No structural damage reported, some vehicles could use roads at limited speeds | 4 | Damage: road surface abrasion; Function: 4WDs obstructed | 4 | ~ |
Bariloche | 30–45 | 1 | Damage: possible abrasion of road markings and paved surfaces; Disruption: reduced visibility and traction | 1 | ~ | 3 | Damage: road surface and marking abrasion; Function: 2WD vehicles obstructed | 2 | Some vehicles could use roads at very limited speeds | |
Jacobacci | 50 | 2 | Damage: possible abrasion of road markings and surfaces; Disruption: reduced traction, closures | 2–3 | Remobilisation of the ashfall deposit meant that roads were impassable some days | 3 | 3 | ~ | ||
Airports | Bariloche | 30–45 | 2 | Damage: moderate abrasion of runway and landing lights; Disruption: airport closure | 2 | ~ | 1–4 | Damage: possible runway degradation; Function: runway closure | 1–4 | ~ |