Fig. 1
From: Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i
Overview of the active lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. a. Aerial view looking southwest at the Overlook crater, which opened at the onset of eruptive activity in 2008 and is within Halema‘uma‘u Crater. In late 2012, the lava lake was about 160 x 200 m in size, similar in size to the Overlook crater. Note position of thermal camera on the rim of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, denoted by “HMM crater rim”. Image taken October 17, 2012, when the lava level was about 43 m below the Overlook crater rim. b. Example image from the thermal camera, taken within a few minutes of (a). Corresponding points between this image and (a) are shown by points 1 and 2. Temperature scale is degrees Celsius. The maximum measurable temperature of the thermal camera is 500 °C