Fig. 1
From: Estimating building vulnerability to volcanic ash fall for insurance and other purposes
The eight vulnerability functions for buildings exposed to volcanic ash fall derived during the GAR15 workshop by a group of ‘experts’. Building types described in Table 1. H = High pitched roof (>35°), M = Medium (6–35°), and L = Low pitched roof (<6°) as shown in Table 1. Damage Index is defined in the text above (figure adapted from Maqsood et al., 2014, p93)