Fig. 3From: Estimating building vulnerability to volcanic ash fall for insurance and other purposesVulnerability functions estimated independently by four ‘experts’ for URML-ENG Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Walls, non-engineered with a Low roof pitch <6°. Function E4 is the MIA-VITA function and refers only to damage to the roof structure. Mean refers only to functions E1–E3. Damage index refers to the replacement cost of the structureBack to article page