Table 2 The timing of alert level activations during the 2014–2015 eruption, and the alert level scheme (Faria 2010; Faria and Fonseca 2014) used by the National Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (INMG), the official meteorological and volcanological hazard monitoring agency for Cape Verde. Times are local (UTC - 1 h)
From: Damage from lava flows: insights from the 2014–2015 eruption of Fogo, Cape Verde
Level | Criteria | Interpretation | Depth | Time window for possible eruption | Activation during 2014–2015 eruption | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Escalation | Decline | |||||
1 | • Usual records | Normal state | - | - | Background | 25 February |
2 | • Long term ground deformation (GPS, InSAR) • Seismic noise modification | An eruption is possible soon | 5 to 13 km | 10 days to 5 months | Early October | - |
3 | • Peak of seismic activity • Variation of the tilt | Probable eruption | 4 to 5 km | 4 to 40 days | 21 November | 20 February |
4 | • Peak of the tilt • Long-period events with greater magnitude and number | Very probable eruption | 2 to 4 km | To be determined as the dike progresses | 20:00, 22 November | AM, 8 February |
5 | • Seismic activity is maintained • Continuous tremor | Imminent eruption | 0 to 2 km | 08:30, 23 November | ||