Table 1 Benchmark parameters

A

Golden syrup

Isoviscous (78.1 Pa s)

Isothermal (19.7 °C)

Point source, sloping plane (15°)

Plastic

None

X, Y, H at 24.5 cm with time

After BM2 (Cordonnier et al., 2015),

Data from Dietterich et al. (2015)

B 90°

Golden syrup

Isoviscous (96 Pa s)

Isothermal (18.0 °C)

Point source, sloping plane (15°)

Plastic

90° V-shaped, 4 cm side length

X, Y, H at 24.5 cm with time

Data from Dietterich et al. (2015)

B 180°

Golden syrup

Isoviscous (43.8 Pa s)

Isothermal (22.5 °C)

Point source, sloping plane (15°)

Plastic

8 cm long wall

X, Y, H at 24.5 cm with time

Data from Dietterich et al. (2015)

C

Silicone oil

Isoviscous (3.4 Pa s)

Cooling (42 °C fluid, 20 °C ambient)

Point source, horizontal plane

Polystyrene

None

R, surface T

BM3 (Cordonnier et al., 2015),

Data from Garel et al. (2012)

D

Molten basalt

Temperature-dependent viscosity

Cooling (1050 °C fluid, 20 °C ambient), Solidifying

Wide source, sloping plane (13.25°)

Sand

None

X, Y, H at 50 cm, surface T

After BM4 (Cordonnier et al., 2015),

Data from Dietterich et al. (2015)