Fig. 5

New fragility functions for airport transportation surfaces developed from post-eruption and laboratory experimental data. New fragility functions for airport transportation surfaces developed from post-eruption and laboratory experimental data (a at 0-1 m tephra thickness, b a magnified version of the same results at 0-2 mm tephra thickness). The previous function for “airport closure” developed by Wilson et al. (2017) is shown by the grey dashed lines. Note that most points have been corrected to fit with the rules and principles for fragility function development, as outlined by Wilson et al. (2017), and some using best judgement by the authors