Fig. 5

a. Examples of localised displacement signals at Arenal (landsliding and gravity-driven slip) and Tungurahua (co-eruptive endogenous growth) with footprint area indicated by grey polygons and the locations of the stations that make up local monitoring networks indicated. b. Footprints of some of the largest InSAR displacement signals detected so far compared to ground swath dimensions of commonly used SAR instruments and acquisition modes. Note that the inner footprint for Uturuncu shows uplift, while the outer footprint shows the even broader annulus of subsidence. The bold red circle (diameter 20 km) indicates the size of the rose-plots in D-F. c. Scatterplot illustrating the relationship between displacement signal offsets and area. Data are limited to a single displacement episode per inferred deformation source location, so that there may be more than one entry per volcano, but only a single entry for episodes of uplift and subsidence attributed to the same source. The red dotted line describes the area of a circle with radius equal to the offset from the nearest volcano, so that points below the line generally represent displacement signals that do not encompass the nearest volcano. d. Illustration of displacement locations (red crosses) not associated with an eruption and ≥5 km from the nearest volcano (central triangle). Grey shaded ellipses show approximate signal dimensions where signal diameter < 10 km. e. Displacement locations and footprints associated with specific eruptions, relative to the eruptive vent (central triangle), as for D. f. Displacement locations and footprints associated with earthquakes in the immediate surroundings of a volcano, or triggered by distal great earthquakes, relative to the nearest volcano (central triangle), as for D. Volcano locations are from GVP’s VOTW database