Fig. 9

Topographic changes between February 2000 SRTM 1 arcsecond DEM (shaded relief) interpolated to 10 m and TanDEM-X acquisition (date shown). One color fringe equals the ambiguity height Ha shown in each subpanel which is a linear approximation for the actual topographic change that holds for values < 100 m. Blue squares are 10 by 10 pixels assumed to have zero topographic change. a. Villarrica: glacier thinning in the area of 2015 ash deposition (1) and glacier retreat (2). Volcano crater is black triangle, red and magenta lines are debris-free and debris-covered glacier (Rivera et al. 2015); blue and black lines are calderas 1-2 and 3 rims (Moreno and Clavero 2006); b. Llaima: debris-covered glaciers (1), summit change after the 2008-2009 eruptive cycle (2) and northern flank change (3) that is under investigation. Volcano crater is black triangle.; c. Hudson: thinning at glacier (A), uplift in an ice cauldron (2), the vents of the 2011 eruption (3) (Delgado et al. 2014b) and in areas of lahars (4). Black triangles are October 2011 eruptive vents, white line is an ice filled cauldron, black lines are lahars observed in early 2011 and blue line is caldera rim (Delgado et al. 2014b).; d. Cordón Caulle: new rhyolitic lava flow (1), intrusion of shallow laccolith (2) (Castro et al. 2016). Black line is contour of the 2011-2012 lava flow one year after the end of the eruption, red triangle is eruptive vent (Delgado et al. 2016).; e. Chaitén: new rhyolitic lava dome (1) (Pallister et al. 2013b). Black line is caldera rim.; f., g. no changes at Láscar and Ubinas, but SRTM errors. Black triangle is eruptive vent. Red, blue and black lines are crater A, B and C at Láscar (de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen et al. 2014).; h. Nevado del Ruiz (used the 12 m DLR WorldDEM instead of SRTM): glacier thinning (1) and growth of a small dome (2). Black triangle is eruptive vents.; i. Copahue: glacier changes (1). Black triangle is eruptive vents.; j. Arenal: new lava flows (1), Black triangle is eruptive vents.; k. Pacaya: lava flows extruded in May 2010 (1), 2014 (2), 2004-2008 (3) (Wnuk and Wauthier 2017) black triangles are eruptive vents and red line is a collapse scarp (Wnuk and Wauthier 2017); and l. Santiaguito: new lava flows and domes (1). Black triangle is eruptive vents