Fig. 14From: Multiple natural hazards at volcanic islands: a review for the Ischia volcano (Italy)Sketches illustrating the possible multi-hazard scenarios occurring at Ischia. Not to scale. a Magma-induced multi hazard: the emplacement of a shallow intrusion (1) induces seismicity (2) and deformation (3), possibly destabilizing the resurgence border (4) and, in the case of the landslide products entering the sea, triggering a tsunami (5). Eventually, the intruded magma may erupt (6). b Seismicity-induced multi-hazard: one or more earthquakes (1) may trigger the collapse along the border of the resurgence (2), eventually promoting phreatic explosions for decompression (3) or tsunamis (4), if the collapsed deposits enter the sea. c landslide induced multi-hazard: a collapse along the border of the resurgence (1) may, eventually promote phreatic explosions for decompression (2) or tsunamis (3), if the collapsed deposits enter the seaBack to article page