Fig. 9
From: Remotely assessing tephra fall building damage and vulnerability: Kelud Volcano, Indonesia
Fragility curves fit using tephra loads from both hazard models for A) tiled roofs and B) grey roofs. Density plots show differing distributions of tephra loads across the 1154 buildings used to fit curves, and that all data are from hazard intensities below 200 kg m− 2. For comparison with published curves, the black dotted lines in A) and B) are the roof collapse curves for tiled and asbestos sheet roofs from Jenkins and Spence (2009). Their annotations, Dtf and Atf, reflect the curve labels from that study. R script, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and raw data to fit curves are available on Github (https://github.com/flying-rock/kelud14). Curve parameters given in the Appendix