Table 1 Development status of evacuation facilities after publication of the handbook for improving volcanic shelters by the Disaster Management of the Cabinet Office of Japan (as of August 2020). The numbers in the table correspond to those shown in Fig. 1
No. | Volcano name | Facilities | Structure and reinforcement method | Distance from crater (m) | Crater used for measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mt. Tokachi-dake | Emergency evacuation facility | Reinforced concrete (RC) construction | 3400 | 62–2 crater |
2 | Mt. Akita-yakeyama | Mountain hut: Yakeyama emergency hut | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 200 | Onigajyo |
3 | Mt. Iwate | Mountain hut: Eighth station’s emergency shelter | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 750 | Omuro crater |
4 | Mt. Azuma | Visitor Center | Steel frame building reinforced with aramid fabric | 700 | Ooana crater |
5 | Mt. Nasu | Mountain hut: Minenochaya ruins emergency hut | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 650 | West side slope of Chausudake |
6 | Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane | Emergency evacuation facility | RC construction | 1000 | Near center of crater chain of 2018 Mt. Moto-shirane eruption |
7 | Mt. Niigata-Yakeyama | Mountain hut: Koyaike Hutte | Steel frame building reinforced with aramid fabric | 4650 | Summit Crater |
8 | Mt. Tateyama, Midagahara | Mountain hut: Raichoso | Steel frame building reinforced with aramid fabric | 400 | Jigokudani |
9 | Mt. Norikura | Mountain hut: Katanokoya | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 950 | Kengamine |
10 | Mt. Ontake | Emergency evacuation facility | RC construction | 450 | Near center of 2014 crater chain |
Emergency evacuation facility | Steel structure | 550 | |||
Mountain hut: Kitosho (prayer room) | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 450 | |||
Mountain hut: Ninoike shinkan | 1000 | ||||
Mountain hut: Ninoike Hutte | 1050 | ||||
Mountain hut: Ishimuro sanso | 1050 | ||||
Mountain hut: Gonoike goya | 2250 | ||||
Mountain hut: Otaki Chojo emergency hut | 550 | ||||
Mountain hut: Ninth station’s emergency hut | 700 | ||||
Mountain hut: Eighth station’s emergency hut | 1400 | ||||
11 | Mt. Hakone | Emergency evacuation facility | RC construction | 200 | Crater of 2015 eruption |
Emergency evacuation facility | Steel structure | 400 | |||
12 | Mt. Kirishima | Visitor Center | Wooden building reinforced with aramid fabric | 950 | Mountain peak of Mt. Io |