Table 1 Tephra load thresholds considered for the hazard analysis, with their tephra thickness thresholds and corresponding damages on infrastructures, adapted from Bonadonna et al. (2005); Komorowski et al. (2008) and Wilson et al. (2017)
From: Volcanic hazard assessment for tephra fallout in Martinique
Mass load | Thickness | Damages to infrastructures |
|---|---|---|
1.07 kgm−2 | >1 mm | Maintenance required on supply networks, airport closing |
10.7 kgm−2 | >1 cm | Extensive repair required on supply networks, damage to vegetation |
107 kgm−2 | >10 cm | Replacement required on supply networks; airport completely buried |
214 kgm−2 | >20 cm | Roads impassable for all vehicles, roof collapse (timber) |
1,070 kgm−2 | >1 m | Complete destruction |