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Fig. 5 | Journal of Applied Volcanology

Fig. 5

From: Guidelines for volcano-observatory operations during crises: recommendations from the 2019 volcano observatory best practices meeting

Fig. 5

Example of the organization of volcano response in different countries, adapted from Nakada et al. (2019). Each nation has different responsible agencies with different overlapping roles and relationships. Abbreviations: JMA: Japan Meteorological Agency, MLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, GSI: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, NIED: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, AIST: Geological Survey of Japan at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, NICT: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Agency, NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USGS: US Geological Survey, DPC: Civil Protection Department, ENAC: Italian Aviation Authority, INGV: Instituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia, BNPB: National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure, CVGHM: Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, NDRPMC: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, OCD: Office of Civil Defense, NDRRMC: Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, PHIVOLCS: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, CDEM: Ministry of Civil Defense & Emergency Management, NEMA: National Emergency Management Agency, ONEMI: Oficina Nacional de Emergencia del Ministerio del Interior Seguridad Pública, SERGEOMIN: Servicio National de Geología y Minería. IG-EPN: Instituto Geofisico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional, SNGRE: Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias, INAMHI: Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología

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