Using near-real-time monitoring data from Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent at Kīlauea Volcano for training and educational purposes

Table 5 Results of MMM Written results from pre-MMM and post- MMM surveys

Change in open-ended question scores from pre- MMM to post-MMM survey*
Class	Multiple choice	GPS (a)	GPS (b)	Tilt (a)	Tilt (b)	Seismic (a)	Seismic (b)	Before- -After	Sum of score changes**
Average introductory (2yc)	3.77	0.40	0.26	0.39	0.43	0.25	0.26	0.50	2.45
Average introductory (4yc)	4.11	0.55		0.70		0.54		0.56	3.77
Average volcanology	0.76	0.63	0.65	0.35	0.53	0.35	0.53	0.41	3.41

*Note: Possible scores are −1 (decreased quality answer), 0 (same quality answer), +1 (improved answer).
**4yc written questions asked on basis of 4 questions by topic (without (a) and (b) designations, scores normalized to 7 points possible for easy comparison with 2yc introductory and volcanology student scores.
Summary of comparison of student pre-MMM and post- MMM scores for open-ended (written) questions, which address (a) the collection of data and (b) the use of data in monitoring volcanoes.

ISSN: 2191-5040