A model to assess tephra clean-up requirements in urban environments

Table 7 Summary of model assumptions and simplifications on model outputs

Assumption/simplification	Implication for model output
Assumption/simplification	Under estimation	Over estimation	Negligible
Removal volumes
No other waste streams (e.g., construction/demolition)	x
No clean-up within 500 m of vent due to level of destruction	x
Remobilisation of deposits not considered	x
Potential for deposits to infiltrate storm water system not considered		x
100% of tephra on surfaces removed		x
Asset sub-categories not considered (e.g., building/road typologies)		x
Long lasting eruption/multiple fallout events	x	x
Clean-up duration
Clean-up vehicles can operate on tephra covered roads	x
Traffic not considered	x
Time moving tephra from properties to pick-up points not considered			x
Potential restrictions on truck routes to disposal sites not considered	x
Worker breaks and vehicle maintenance not considered	x
Shortest trip duration to contingency plan disposal sites must be used	x
Duration for scoping and planning not considered			x
Disposal site operational capacity not considered	x
Street sweeper travel inefficiencies (e.g., moving around parked cars)	x
Assume rational operators within system	x
Heavy machinery quantity scaled for truck fleet requirements	x
Experience level of clean-up managers not considered	x
Remobilisation not considered	x
Rainfall not considered	x	x
Time it takes material to accumulate not considered	x
Clean-up cost
Existing solid waste and disaster waste contracts	x	x	x
Coordination and volunteerism costs	x
Business disruption costs	x
No post-disaster price escalation	x

ISSN: 2191-5040