Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification

Table 7 Incidents in which volcanologists or field scientists died

Volcano, Country	Year	Fatalities include:	Fatal cause	Fatal distance	Reference
Bayonnaise Rocks, Japan	1952	7 scientists and 24 crew	? – Ship sunk	Over dome	1, 2
Galeras, Colombia	1993	6 volcanologists	Ballistics	In crater	3
Kelut, Indonesia	1951	3 from Department of Volcanology	Lahar?	Crater observatory, <6.5 km	4, 5
Unzendake, Japan	1991	3 volcanologists	PDCs	4 km	6
St.Helens, U.S.A.	1980	2 volcano watchers 1 volcanologist 1 volcanology PhD student	PDCs	7 km 8.6 km 10.5 km	7, 8
Azuma, Japan	1893	2 geologists	Ballistics	Crater rim	1
Awu, Indonesia	1966	2 volcano officers	Pyroclastic flows or lahars	<5 km?	4
Karkar, Papua New Guinea	1979	2 volcanologists	Ballistics	~0.8 km	9
Guagua Pichincha, Ecuador	1993	2 volcanologists	? – Phreatic explosion	Dome rim	10
Semeru, Indonesia	2000	2 volcanologists	Ballistics	~0.3 km	11
Papandayan, Indonesia	1923	1 volcano observer	Gas	?
Merapi, Indonesia	1930	1 volcano observer	PDCs	<15 km	12
Hekla, Iceland	1947	1 scientist	Lava	<10 km	13, 14
Mutnovsky, Russia	1960	1 geology student	Indirect	?
Klyuchevskoi, Russia	1977	1 glaciologist	Ballistics	Near summit
Klyuchevskoi, Russia	1982	1 geophysicist	Ballistics	3.5–4 km
El Chichón, Mexico	1982	1 geologist	PDCs	5 km	15
Lokon-empung, Indonesia	1991	1 volcanologist	Ballistics	Near crater	16
Kilauea, U.S.A.	1992	1 volunteer US Fish & Wildlife Service	Indirect	0.8 km	17
Raoul, New Zealand	2006	1 from Department of Conservation	?- Eruption	<1 km	18

Data from fatalities database and additionally 1) Japan Meteorological Agency Fatality Database (2013); 2) Minakami (1956); 3) Baxter and Gresham (1997); 4) CVGHM (2014); 5) Bourdier et al. (1997); 6) Nakada (1999); 7) Olson (2016); 8) Hunter (2012a); 9) Johnson (2013); 10) GVP (1993); 11) GVP (2000); 12) Thouret et al. (2000); 13) Walker (1973); 14) Thorarinsson (1950); 15) GVP (1982); 16) GVP (1991); 17) Seattle Times (1992); 18) GVP (2006)

ISSN: 2191-5040