Fig. 1

Summary of ∼ 319 Latin American Holocene volcanoes from (Global Volcanism Program 2017) (yellow triangles) along with 63 volcanoes considered most active (see text) with ground deformation shown as red and blue triangles for ongoing and past deformation; ((Biggs and Pritchard 2017), and references therein), eruptions (green labels), and satellite-detected thermal anomalies as purple circles (Jay et al. 2013). Names of the volcano observatories that are responsible for monitoring the volcanoes in each country are listed in orange (acronyms are defined in Table 4)