Table 7 The range of advice/guidance provided by volcanologists during periods of emerging volcanic unrest
From: Hazard communication by volcanologists: part 2 - quality standards for volcanic hazard assessments
The nature of the advice/guidance given by volcanologists | H/R | Max % score | Ranking /9 | Median narrative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
‘Status of the volcano’ level (levels of hazard only) | H | 75 | 1 | Always |
Possible medium−/long-term evolution of the current unrest event | H | 75 | 2 | Routinely |
Benefits of short-term monitoring (monitoring the present by human surveillance and instruments) | H | 73 | 3 | Routinely |
Safety of continued ‘short-term’ monitoring (e.g. the collection of samples, the placement or maintenance of equipment etc.) | H | 60 | 4 | Routinely |
Adequacy of ‘long-term’ monitoring (understanding the past from historical data, geology mapping etc.) | H | 57 | 5 | Routinely |
Secondary hazards (e.g. drinking water aquifers being contaminated by degassing/magma; forest fires) | H | 54 | 6 | Routinely |
Possible measures to mitigate risks (managing the future) | R | 25 | 7 | Sometimes |
Possible measures to mitigate the spatial or physical parameters of possible hazards (e.g. barriers, channels, retention basins, lake drainage, water spraying, re-vegetation etc.) | R | 23 | 8 | Sometimes |
Risk Alert levels (levels linking the current state of the volcano to pre-determined risk mitigation actions) | R | 14 | 9 | Sometimes |