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Table 2 Means, standard deviations, and test statistics for demographic differences in intentions to prepare and perceived preparedness

From: Community preparedness for volcanic hazards at Mount Rainier, USA

  

Intentions

 

Preparedness

  
  

M

SD

Means comparison

M

SD

Means comparison

Sex

Male

2.42

1.09

t(531) = 5.22, p < .001, d = 0.45

3.04

1.22

t(530) = 3.34, p < .001, d = 0.29

 

Female

2.76

1.16

 

2.48

1.14

 

Zone

Live

2.31

1.20

F(3, 429) = 2.04, p = .11

2.54

1.10

F(3, 429) = 8.67, p < .001, ηp2 = .06

 

Work

2.73

1.10

 

2.79

1.15

 
 

Both

2.58

1.16

 

2.57

1.12

 
 

Neither

2.57

1.14

 

3.16

1.19

 

Evacuation

Need help

3.19

1.24

t(511) = 3.44, p < .001, d = 0.30

2.20

1.25

t(490) = 3.57, p < .001, d = 0.32

 

Don’t need help

2.53

1.12

 

2.82

1.17

 
  1. Note. Cohen’s d effect sizes can be interpreted as 0.15 = small, 0.36 = medium, and 0.65 = large (Lovakov & Agadullina, 2021)
  2. Partial eta square (ηp2) effect sizes can be interpreted as .01 = small, .06 = medium, and .14 = large