Fig. 3

Representative examples of lava flows and scoria cones found on the BVF. Approximate ages are provided, based on absolute dating at nearby locations. a 34 ka old lava flow; b Basalt boulders 215 ± 41 ka old, surrounded by saprolitised basalt; c Contact between a flow younger than 40 ka (top) and an older flow, ~ 150 ka (bottom); d Satellite image of a relatively young lava flow (< 40 ka) next to an older one (~ 200 ka), separated by a river (likely displaced by the younger flow). Also note the different colour in vegetation, with the greener vegetation (more mature) for the older flow; e Satellite image (DEM in the inset) of two uneroded, young scoria cones of the young North Flow Complex. Exact locations are shown in Fig. 2 (yellow stars)