Fig. 1

Left: A disassembled PiCam unit. (A) Power Over Ethernet (POE) cable that supplies power and network communications, (B) the weatherproof box with screw lid (C) that hosts the electronics. The POE cable enters through a port in the rear (D), where it is split into power (E) and network (F) wires. The power wire is connected to a dc to dc converter (G) that dumps excess power as heat into the metal tray (H) that mounts the Raspberry Pi into the box, warming the interior and keeping the Perspex window (I) defogged. The network wires and output from the dc to dc converter are connected to a Raspberry Pi single board computer (J), with a pi camera module (K) attached and mounted on the front of the tray, such that it projects through a hole cut in the box (L), with a view through the perspex window. Right: an example PiCam installation used for monitoring lava flow defenses during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. The unit (A) is mounted underneath a steel weather shield clamped to a pole attached to a wooden frame (B), on which is mounted a solar panel (C) for charging a 12 V battery (D), and a weather proof box (E) containing a GSM modem for transmitting the images. The wooden frame is anchored with heavy rocks