Fig. 3

Global map of lava flow impact events at each volcano showing impacts where data are available quantitatively as the minimum number of buildings (circles), or settlements (squares) recorded, or where only qualitative data are available (triangles). Each portion of the icon represents each individual event. The icon is coloured by the year of the impact event, and the size represents the scale of impacts. Impact events where only infrastructure impacts are recorded are indicated as diamonds, and events including uncertainty (e.g., other hazard impacts included) are shown with a dashed line. The older events pre-1900 CE (darker colours: pink to purple to black) are predominantly recorded qualitatively and on a settlement-level scale, whilst the relatively recent events post-1900 CE (lighter colours: red to orange to yellow) are predominantly recorded quantitatively and on a building-level scale