Table 2 Lava flow events with the greatest impacts to the built environment, where impacts are recorded quantitatively on a settlement level. Events are ranked by the maximum number of recorded impacts to settlements. Events with inferred impacts or contradictory evidence are not included

1

1669

Etna, Italy

12 settlements and part of city

2

1888

Ambrym, Vanuatu

9 villages

3

1905

Matavanu (Savai'i), Samoa

5 villages

4

1700

Tseax, Canada

3 villages

5

1944

Vesuvius, Italy

2 towns

6

1643

Miyakejima, Japan

2 towns

 = 7

2011

Nabro, Eritrea

2 villages^a

 = 7

1995

Fogo, Cabo Verde

2 villages

 = 7

1946

Sakurajima (Aira), Japan

2 villages

 = 7

1943

Parícutin (Michoacán-Guanajuato), México

2 villages

 = 7

1939

Lopevi, Vanuatu

2 villages

 = 7

1855

Vesuvius, Italy

2 villages

 = 7

1563

Pico, Azores, Portugal

2 villages